ENGLISH TUTORIALS

  NOUNS  In grammar, a noun is a word that represents a concrete or abstract thing, such as living creatures, places, actions, qualities, states of existence, and ideas. FIVE TYPES OF NOUNS 1. Proper nouns  2. Common nouns 3. Abstract nouns 4. Material noun Nouns are parts of speech that comprise words that are used to name people, places, animals, objects, and ideas. Let's look at the diagram below👇 👇CLICK ON THE VIDEO FOR MORE INFORMATION👇

FORMAL LETTER This is a letter addressed to an official or someone who is not your friend. It can be an application letter or anything that has to do with business communication.  We make use of formal and polite language. NB: Dear Sir/ Madam (if you do not know the person whom you are addressing) Dear Principal (if you know the official person, whom you know their work title) Example of a Formal letter INFORMAL LETTER This letter is addressed to your friend or someone that you. Below is a table of an example of a informal letter.

  USAGE OF ARTICLES An article is a word used to modify a noun. TWO TYPES OF ARTICLES  1. DEFINITE ARTICLE-  (the): shows when something is obvious and clear, points at a specific object e.g  The book on the desk is not mine. definite articles are clear, and the listener knows what you are referring to. 2. INDEFINITE ARTICLES-  (a, an): they talk about something that the listener does not know about, they point at a general view and shows when something is not clear. ( eg): This is  an honest person. Are you a  friend to my son?    BELOW IS A TABLE WITH MORE INFORMATION ON ARTICLES.

  IDIOMS AND IDIOMATIC EXPRESSIONS  An idiom is a phrase or expression that usually presents a figurative, non-literal meaning attached to the phrase. Below is a table with some common idioms expressions in English.

PUNCTUATION MARKS   Punctuation marks are marks indicating how a piece of written text should be read and, consequently, understood. Appropriate punctuation acts like a set of roads to guide the reader through the ideas expressed in your sentences. Punctuation marks can tell the reader when to slow down, speed up and stop. By breaking up your sentences they contain and structure your ideas. Below is a table with details of some common punctuation marks in English.

USAGE OF ENGLISH TENSES THREE CATEGORIES OF TENSES   Past tense- includes verbs that indicate the event occurred in the past. Present tense - indicates an ongoing event or an event that is currently occurring in the present. Future tense -includes verbs that indicate an event that is likely to occur in the future.

  COMPARISON - Is a feature in the morphology of some languages whereby adjectives and adverbs are rendered in an inflected or periphrastic way to indicate a comparative degree, property quality or quantity of a corresponding word or phrase. A superlative construction expresses the greatest quality, quantity, or degree relative to all other comparators. The usual degrees of comparison are the positive, which simply denotes a property (as with the English words big and fully); the comparative, which indicates greater degrees (as bigger and more fully); and the superlative, which indicates greatest degree (as biggest and most fully) The comparative degrees are frequently associated with adjectives and adverbs because these words take  er-suffix  or modifying word more or less. (e.g , faster, more intelligent, less waste full). Comparison can also however, appear when no adjective or adverb is present, for instance with nouns (e.g more men than women). However, the usage of ...

DIRECT SPEECH When we want to describe what someone said, one option is to use direct speech.  We use direct speech when we simply want to repeat what someone says, putting the phrase between speech marks.  Example: Paul came in and said, " I am really hungry".  As you can see, with direct speech it is common to use the verb 'to say' ('said' in the past ). But you can also find other verbs used to indicate direct speech such as ' ask', 'reply' and ' shout'. For example: When Mrs Diaz opened the door, I asked "Have you seen Lee?" She replied, "No, I haven't seen him since lunchtime.    INDIRECT SPEECH When we want to report what someone said without speech marks and without necessarily using exactly the same words, we can use indirect speech ( also called reported speech) For example: They say (that) they are cold. When we report what someone says in the present simple, we normally do not change the tense we simply cha...

ACTIVE VOICE and PASSIVE VOICE Active sentences are about what or things do, while in passive voice sentences are about what happens to people or things. In active voice sentences of the subject does the action, for example: Liz played the piano, whilst in passive voice the sentence is formed by using a form of the auxiliary verb ' be ' ( be, am, is, are, was, were, being, been) following the past participle of the main verb. In passive voice sentences of the subject receives the action for example: The piano was played by Liz. USEFULNESS OF ACTIVE VOICE More concise, fewer words are needed Emphasizes the doer of the action    USEFULNESS OF PASSIVE VOICE Focuses on the action  May be perceived as more objective when the writer does not want the action directly linked to the subject.

ADJECTIVES   Adjectives are words modifies or describes a noun or pronoun. Adjectives can be used to describe the qualities of someone or something independently or in comparison to something else. By using adjectives sparingly, you can make your work clearer and more effective, allowing the main subject to stand out. Example: Instead of saying "The big, beautiful, colorful butterfly flew gracefully through the garden". You can simplify it to "The beautiful butterfly flew gracefully through the garden ". WHY PEOPLE USE ADJECTIVES Adjectives add detail or context to the information you are sharing. for example, without adjectives we wouldn't   know if the last movie you watched was boring or exciting or how large or small your house is.